[An organomercurial compound and derivative of thiosalicyclic acid with antibacterial and antifungal properties. Although the mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated, thimerosal inhibits sulfhydryl-containing active site of various enzymes and binds to sulfhydryl compounds, such as glutathione, cysteine, and SH groups of proteins. In addition, thimerosal activates the InsP3 calcium channel on endoplasmic reticular membrane, thereby triggering the release of calcium from More…
[A drug used to protect the heart from the toxic effects of anthracycline drugs such as doxorubicin. It belongs to the family of drugs called chemoprotective agents. ( NCI )] (UMLS (NCI) C0086444) =Organic Chemical; Pharmacologic Substance ;; =Razoxane;;[CV900] CARDIOVASCULAR AGENTS, OTHER =Dexrazoxane Hydrochloride;;
[A synthetic thymidine analogue with potent antiviral activity against herpes simplex and varicella zoster viruses. Sorivudine is phosphorylated into triphosphate form within the cells and this metabolite interferes with viral DNA replication by inhibiting DNA polymerase activity without been incorporated into elongating viral DNA. Due to the dangerous effects of drug-drug interactions via its metabolite, sorivudine has been removed from the market. ( NCI )] (UMLS (NCI) C0207628) More…
[A synthetic ethanolamine with anticholinergic, sedative, and histamine H1 antagonistic properties. Clemastine fumarate blocks the H1 histamine receptor and prevents the symptoms that are caused by histamine activity on capillaries, bronchial and gastrointestinal smooth muscles, including vasodilation, increased capillary permeability, bronchoconstriction, and spasmodic contraction of gastrointestinal smooth muscles. This drug also prevents histamine-induced pain and itching of mucous More…
[The maleate salt form of dexchlorpheniramine, an alkylamine, and first-generation histamine antagonist with anti-allergic activity. Dexchlorpheniramine maleate competitively blocks H1 receptors, thereby preventing the actions of histamine on bronchial smooth muscle, capillaries and gastrointestinal (GI) smooth muscle. This prevents histamine-induced bronchoconstriction, vasodilation, increased capillary permeability, and GI smooth muscle spasms. ( NCI )] (UMLS (NCI) C0137440) More…
[An imidazole derivate and active d-isomer of medetomidine with analgesic, anxiolytic and sedative properties. Dexmedetomidine selectively binds to presynaptic alpha-2 adrenoceptors located in the brain, thereby inhibiting the release of norepinephrine from synaptic vesicles. This leads to an inhibition of postsynaptic activation of adrenoceptors, which inhibit sympathetic activity, thereby leading to sedation and anxiolysis. The analgesic effect of this agent is mediated by binding to More…
[An analogue of the amino acid D-alanine with broad-spectrum antibiotic and glycinergic activities. D-cycloserine interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis by competitively inhibiting two enzymes, L-alanine racemase and D-alanine:D-alanine ligase, thereby impairing peptidoglycan formation necessary for bacterial cell wall synthesis. This agent may be bactericidal or bacteriostatic, depending on its concentration at the infection site and the susceptibility of the organism. In More…
[An anticancer drug that inhibits the transformation of normal cells to cancer cells. It belongs to the family of drugs called enzyme inhibitors. ( NCI )] (UMLS (NCI) C1176289) Tipifarnib;; =Organic Chemical; Pharmacologic Substance
[hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that regulates electrolyte and water balance by increasing the renal retention of sodium and the excretion of potassium. ( CSP )] (UMLS (NCI) C0002006) =Steroid; Pharmacologic Substance; Hormone
[A naturally-occurring form of vitamin E, a fat-soluble vitamin with potent antioxidant properties. Considered essential for the stabilization of biological membranes (especially those with high amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids), d-alpha-Tocopherol is a potent peroxyl radical scavenger and inhibits noncompetitively cyclooxygenase activity in many tissues, resulting in a decrease in prostaglandin production. Vitamin E also inhibits angiogenesis and tumor dormancy through suppressing More…
[The acetate ester of a fat-soluble vitamin with potent antioxidant properties. Considered essential for the stabilization of biological membranes (especially those with high amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acid), vitamin E is a generic name for a group of compounds known as tocopherols and tocotrienols (tocols). This agent is a potent peroxyl radical scavenger and inhibits noncompetitively cyclooxygenase activity in many tissues, resulting in a decrease in prostaglandin production. More…