[piperidinyl isoindole originally introduced as a non-barbiturate hypnotic, but withdrawn due to teratogenic effects; it has been reintroduced and used for a number of immunological and inflammatory disorders. ( CSP )] (UMLS (NCI) C0039736) =Organic Chemical; Pharmacologic Substance; Hazardous or Poisonous Substance =[CN100] ANALGESICS;;[CN300] SEDATIVES/HYPNOTICS;;phthalimide;;Piperidones;;Teratogen;;[IM900] IMMUNOLOGICAL AGENTS, OTHER =THALIDOMIDE 50 MG;;THALIDOMIDE 100 MG;;THALIDOMIDE 200 MG
[The chloride salt form of thallium-201, a cyclotron produced isotope use in diagnostic imaging. Thallous chloride TI-201 accumulates in myocardial cells and other tissues in an analogous way as potassium, and can be evaluated as a function of blood flow. By scintigraphic means, areas with decreased blood flow, consisting of ischemic cells, can be visualized due to decreased uptake of TI-201 in contrast to areas with normal blood flow. ( NCI )] (UMLS (NCI) C0305040) =Indicator, Reagent, or Diagnostic Aid; Inorganic Chemical ;; =thallium chloride;;[DX201] IMAGING AGENTS (IN VIVO) RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS =Thallous chloride Tl201 1 MIL;;Thallous chloride Tl201 1 MIL/ML;;Thallous chloride Tl201 2 MIL/ML;;
[a specific degree of hot or cold as indicated on or referred to a standard scale. ( CSP )] (UMLS (HL7) C0039476) =Quantitative Concept ;; =Physical Phenomenon;;Kind of quantity =Cold;;heat
[The continuum of experience in which events pass from the future through the present to the past; a specific point in this continuum or the interval separating two points. ( NCI )] (UMLS (HL7) C0040223) =Temporal Concept ;; =Kind of quantity;;
[insecticide that came into prominence during and after World War II; for a time it proved very effective, but insect populations rapidly developed tolerance for it, hence much of its original effectiveness has been lost; general usage is now widely discouraged because of the toxicity that results from the environmental persistence of this agent. ( CSP )] (UMLS (NCI) C0011041) =Organic Chemical; Hazardous or Poisonous Substance =chlorohydrocarbon insecticide;;
[A pale yellow, oily, highly toxic, volatile, liquid alkylating compound with a sweet to garlic-like odor that evaporates to a poisonous gas. Mustard gas is a vesicant that was first used in chemical warfare in World War I, but is now only used in small amounts in research studies involving alkylating agents. Exposure to this substance is corrosive to the eyes, skin and lungs and leads to blindness and blistering of the skin and can cause severe and sometimes fatal respiratory damage. Mustard gas is a mutagen and is a known carcinogen that is associated with an increased risk of developing lung and other respiratory tract cancers. (NCI05) ( NCI )] (UMLS (NCI) C0026874) =Organic Chemical; Hazardous or Poisonous Substance ;;
[A colorless, volatile, nonflammable, liquid, chlorinated hydrocarbon with an ether-like odor that may emit toxic fumes of phosgene when exposed to sunlight or flames. Tetrachloroethylene is mainly used as a cleaning solvent in dry cleaning and textile processing and in the manufacture of fluorocarbons. Exposure to this substance irritates the upper respiratory tract and eyes and causes neurological effects as well as kidney and liver damage. Tetrachloroethylene is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen and may be linked to an increased risk of developing skin, colon, lung, esophageal, and urogenital tract cancer as well as lymphosarcoma and leukemia. (NCI05) ( NCI )] (UMLS (NCI) C0039637) =Organic Chemical; Pharmacologic Substance; Hazardous or Poisonous Substance
[A synthetic, colorless, flammable gas that is insoluble in water. Tetrafluoroethylene is used primarily in the synthesis of polytetrafluoroethylene resins. It is also used as a monomer in the synthesis of copolymers and as a propellant for food product aerosols. When heated to decomposition, tetrafluoroethylene emits highly toxic fluorocarbon fumes. The primary route of human exposure to this compound is inhalation. Acute inhalation exposure to tetrafluoroethylene may result in irritation of the respiratory tract and buildup of fluid in the lungs (pulmonary edema). Contact with this gas can cause eye irritation. This chemical is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen. (NCI05) ( NCI )] (UMLS (NCI) C0076258) =Organic Chemical
[The hydrochloride salt form of tacrine, an aminoacridine derivative with cognitive stimulating property. Although the mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated, tacrine hydrochloride may bind reversibly to cholinesterase, acetylcholinesterase as well as butyrylcholinesterase, thereby decreasing the breakdown of acetylcholine, and prolonging synaptic actions as well as increased release of acetylcholine. In addition, this agent inhibits monoamine oxidase (MAO) and may inhibit the reuptake of catecholamines and serotonin. Finally, a novel mechanism of action studied in animal models suggests tacrine to attenuate the production of interleukin-1beta in the hippocampus and blood, thereby producing central and peripheral anti-inflammatory effects that may play a role in Alzheimer's disease. ( NCI )] (UMLS (NCI) C0771182) Hydroaminacrine;;TACRINE HYDROCHLORIDE;;TACRINE HYDROCHLORIDE PREPARATION;; =Organic Chemical; Pharmacologic Substance =tacrine;; =TACRINE HYDROCHLORIDE 20 MG;;TACRINE HYDROCHLORIDE 40 MG;;TACRINE HYDROCHLORIDE 10 MG;;TACRINE HYDROCHLORIDE 30 MG
[A synthetic, colorless to light yellow liquid that is soluble in polar organic solvents and only slightly soluble in water. 1,2,3-Trichloropropane is used as both a chemical intermediate and cross-linking agent in the production of polymers. 1,2,3-Trichloropropane is flammable and, when heated to decomposition, emits toxic fumes of hydrogen chloride. Exposure of humans to 1,2,3-trichloropropane vapor causes irritation of the eyes and throat. It is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen. (NCI05) ( NCI )] (UMLS (NCI) C0043760) =Organic Chemical
[The hydrochloride salt form of trazodone, a synthetic triazolopyridine derivative with antidepressant and sedative properties. Based on studies from animal models, trazodone selectively inhibits the re-uptake of serotonin by synaptosomes in the brain, thereby increasing serotonin levels in the synaptic cleft and potentiating serotonin activity. Trazodone is not a monoamine oxidase inhibitor and, unlike amphetamine-type drugs, does not stimulate the central nervous system. The sedative effect of trazodone is likely via alpha-adrenergic and mild histamine H1 blocking actions. ( NCI )] (UMLS (NCI) C0282369) =Organic Chemical; Pharmacologic Substance ;; =TRAZODONE;; =TRAZODONE HYDROCHLORIDE 150 MG;;TRAZODONE HYDROCHLORIDE 300 MG;;TRAZODONE HYDROCHLORIDE 50 MG;;TRAZODONE HYDROCHLORIDE 100 MG
[An alpha-1-adrenergic antagonist that acts by blocking alpha-adrenergic receptors in the smooth muscle of blood vessels (arteries, arterioles and veins), gastrointestinal tract, and radial smooth muscle of the iris. This prevents smooth muscle contraction and results in vasodilatation. Administered in the eye, dapiprazole hydrochloride produces miosis. In the heart, it may antagonize alpha-1 adrenoreceptors in myocytes causing a mild negative inotropic effect. ( NCI )] (UMLS (NCI) C0770916) Dapiprazole Hydrochloride;;DAPIPRAZOLE HYDROCHLORIDE PREPARATION =Organic Chemical; Pharmacologic Substance =dapiprazole;; =DAPIPRAZOLE HYDROCHLORIDE 0.5 %;;
[A synthetic triepoxide alkylating agent with cytostatic and immunosuppressant properties. Anaxirone alkylates DNA via actual or derived epoxide groups, resulting in inhibition of DNA synthesis. This agent exhibits a broad spectrum of antineoplastic activity against experimental tumors, including those resistant to other alkylating agents. (NCI04) ( NCI )] (UMLS (NCI) C0043767) =Organic Chemical; Pharmacologic Substance ;;
[A synthetic derivative of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). Aminothiadiazole competitively inhibits inosine 5-monophosphate dehydrogenase, thereby disrupting the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation in a number of cells. This agent is also a selective human adenosine A3 receptor antagonist. (NCI04) ( NCI )] (UMLS (NCI) C0092419) =Organic Chemical; Pharmacologic Substance
[A pyranocarboxylic acid and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic activities. Etodolac inhibits the activity of cyclooxygenase I and II, thereby preventing the formation of prostaglandin which is involved in the induction of pain, fever, and inflammation. It also inhibits platelet aggregation by blocking platelet cyclooxygenase and the subsequent formation of thromboxane A2. ( NCI )] (UMLS (NCI) C0059865) =Organic Chemical; Pharmacologic Substance =Indoleacetic Acids;;[MS102] NONSALICYLATE NSAIS, ANTIRHEUMATIC =ETODOLAC 200 MG;;ETODOLAC 300 MG;;ETODOLAC 400 MG;;ETODOLAC 500 MG;;ETODOLAC 600 MG;;
[Purgative anthraquinone found in several plants, especially Rhamnus frangula. It was formerly used as a laxative, but is now used mainly as tool in toxicity studies. ( MSH )] (UMLS (NCI) C0013982) =Organic Chemical; Pharmacologic Substance; Biologically Active Substance =Cascara;; =alloin;;
[A blue to black colored aminoanthraquinone dye. Disperse blue 1 is primarily used in hair color formulations and in coloring fabrics and plastics, but has also been used as a fabric dye. Exposure to disperse blue 1 irritates the eye and skin. Disperse blue 1 is a mutagen and is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen. (NCI05) ( NCI )] (UMLS (NCI) C0082319) =Organic Chemical; Indicator, Reagent, or Diagnostic Aid ;;
[A reddish, synthetic anthraquinone derivative. Danthron has been widely used as a laxative, but is no longer used to treat constipation and is currently used as an antioxidant in synthetic lubricants, in the synthesis of experimental antitumor agents, as a fungicide and as an intermediate for making dyes. This substance is a suspected mutagen and is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen based on evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals. (NCI05) ( NCI )] (UMLS (NCI) C0057135) =Organic Chemical; Pharmacologic Substance ;; =Anthracenedione;;Inactive Ingredient Preparations =DANTHRON 75 MG
[A bone-seeking chelating agent. Has been used as a radiopharmaceutical in complexes with radioactive metals for bone marrow ablation. ( NCI )] (UMLS (NCI) C0217981) =Organophosphorus Compound; Pharmacologic Substance ;;
[A drug that blocks the effects of male hormones in the body. It belongs to the family of drugs called antiandrogens. ( NCI )] (UMLS (NCI) C0068771) =Organic Chemical; Pharmacologic Substance =[AN000] ANTINEOPLASTICS;;imidazole;;[HS900] HORMONES/SYNTHETICS/MODIFIERS, OTHER;; =NILUTAMIDE 150 MG;;
[Indicates that a person was in school through 12th grade but that they did not receive a high school doploma. ( NCI )] (UMLS (NCI) C1883615) 12th Grade, No Diploma;; =Organism Attribute
[The first, permanent, six-year molar of the lower left arch as defined by the Universal tooth numbering system. ( NCI )] (UMLS (HL7) C0227056) tooth 19 =Body Part, Organ, or Organ Component =Permanent dentition;;
[A flavonoid obtained from the seed of Cyclopia subternata. It is a specific protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor that induces apoptosis. (NCI) ( NCI )] (UMLS (NCI) C0054245) =Organic Chemical; Pharmacologic Substance ;;
[A nitrogen mustard vesicant that has application in chemical warfare, and has been used as a cytostatic alkylating agent in anti cancer therapy. ( NCI )] (UMLS (NCI) C0045236) =Organic Chemical; Indicator, Reagent, or Diagnostic Aid ;;
[The calcium salt form of glucaric acid, a natural substance found in many fruits and vegetables, with potential anti-cancer property. The active metabolite of calcium glucarate, D-Glucaro-1,4-Lactone in vivo, is an inhibitor of beta-Glucuronidase, an enzyme found in certain bacteria reside in the human gut. One of the key processes in which human body eliminates toxic chemicals as well as hormones (such as estrogen) is by attaching glucuronic acid to them in the liver and then excreting the complex in the bile. When beta-glucuronidase breaks the bond, it prolongs the stay of the hormone or toxic chemical in the body. Elevated beta-glucuronidase activity has been implicated to be associated with an increased risk for hormone-dependent cancers like breast, prostate, and colon cancers. Thereby, supplementing calcium glucarate may suppress the developments of hormone-dependent cancers. ( NCI )] (UMLS (NCI) C0006698) =Organic Chemical; Pharmacologic Substance ;;
[class of aromatic 6-membered rings with 2 oxygens and 4 carbons; common name for 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodiabenzo-p-dioxin, a toxic trace contaminant found in 2,4,5-T and related herbicides. ( CSP )] (UMLS (NCI) C0039635) =Organic Chemical; Pharmacologic Substance; Hazardous or Poisonous Substance =oxygenous heterocyclic compound;;
[A fused four ring compound occurring free or combined in galls. Isolated from the kino of Eucalyptus maculata Hook and E. Hemipholia F. Muell. Activates Factor XII of the blood clotting system which also causes kinin release; used in research and as a dye. ( MSH )] (UMLS (NCI) C0013900) =Organic Chemical; Pharmacologic Substance; Biologically Active Substance
[An herbicide with strong irritant properties. Use of this compound on rice fields, orchards, sugarcane, rangeland, and other noncrop sites was terminated by the EPA in 1985. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) ( MSH )] (UMLS (CSP) C0000215) =Organic Chemical; Hazardous or Poisonous Substance ;;
[neurotoxin used to induce experimental CNS and sympathetic neural lesions that model aging and various nervous disorders; also used to induce behavioral circling and as a potential antineoplastic for neuroblastoma. ( CSP )] (UMLS (NCI) C0085196) =Organic Chemical; Pharmacologic Substance =catecholamine;;Neurotoxin;;Dopamine Antagonist;;adrenergic antagonist
[A synthetic, colorless crystalline solid that is slightly soluble in water and soluble in organic solvents. It has been used primarily in pesticide formulations and as a wood preservative, although most uses have been cancelled in the US. When heated to decomposition, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol emits toxic and corrosive fumes of hydrochloric acid and other toxic gases. Exposure of humans to 2,4,6-trichrophenol via inhalation has been reported to cause respiratory effects, altered pulmonary function and pulmonary lesions. It is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen. (NCI05) ( NCI )] (UMLS (NCI) C0045437) =Organic Chemical; Hazardous or Poisonous Substance ;;
[An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called alkylating agents. ( NCI )] (UMLS (NCI) C0019453) =Organic Chemical; Pharmacologic Substance ;; =[AN000] ANTINEOPLASTICS;;triazine =ALTRETAMINE 50 MG
[A natural or synthetic isoprenoid hydrocarbon (C19) derivative, Pristane is commonly used in research to prime the abdomen prior to hybridoma implantation in experimental animals. An irritant that induces granulomatous inflammation and interferes with local lymphatic drainage, it increases ascitic yields. Pristane has a low margin of safety and is toxic at levels slightly higher than used to prime animals. (NCI04) ( NCI )] (UMLS (NCI) C0071986) =Organic Chemical; Pharmacologic Substance
[The hydrochloride salt form of articaine, an amide-type local anesthetic. Articaine hydrochloride reversibly blocks nerve impulse conduction by binding to specific membrane sodium ion channels thereby interfering with the electrical excitation in the nerve, slowing the propagation of the nerve impulse and reducing the rate of rise of the action potential. This results in a loss of sensation at the injection site. Articaine hydrochloride is used for relief of pain in minor operations, usually in combination with the vasoconstrictor epinephrine. ( NCI )] (UMLS (NCI) C0007300) =Organic Chemical; Pharmacologic Substance ;;
[(NH2)2C=S; precursor and metabolite of 2-thiouracil, used for similar purposes. ( CSP )] (UMLS (NCI) C0039958) =Organic Chemical; Indicator, Reagent, or Diagnostic Aid =sulfur compound;;
[Related to B cell activation, PTK72 is a tyrosine kinase that becomes tyrosine phosphorylated and activated soon after anti-Ig stimulation of B cells. It is found associated with the mIg receptor complex. Unlike the membrane-bound Src-family tyrosine kinases, PTK72 is primarily present as a soluble cytosolic protein. It is probably the product of the syk gene and is highly related to the ZAP-70 protein associated with T cell activation. ( NCI )] (UMLS (NCI) C0134982) =Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein; Enzyme ;;
[one of the thyroid hormones; an organic iodine containing compound secreted in small amounts by the thyroid gland; most circulating triiodothyroinine is produced by the deiodination of thyroxine in the peripheral tissues. ( CSP )] (UMLS (NCI) C0041014) =Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein; Pharmacologic Substance; Hormone =Thyroid Gland Hormone;;Thyronines;;3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine;;[HS851] THYROID SUPPLEMENTS =3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine;;LIOTHYRONINE SODIUM;;
[A triclosan analogue with an antibacterial property. Triclocarban exerts its effect by inhibiting the activity of enoyl-(acyl-carrier protein) (ACP) reductase, widely distributed in bacteria, fungi and plants. ACP reductase catalyses the last step in each cycle of fatty acid elongation in the type II fatty acid synthase systems. As a result, this agent interupts cell membrane synthesis and leads to bacterial growth inhibition. ( NCI )] (UMLS (NCI) C0077072) =Organic Chemical; Pharmacologic Substance
[Porphyrins with four methyl, two vinyl, and two propionic acid side chains attached to the pyrrole rings. Protoporphyrin IX occurs in hemoglobin, myoglobin, and most of the cytochromes. ( MSH )] (UMLS (NCI) C0033733) =Organic Chemical; Biologically Active Substance
[A derivative of cysteine with antimitotic activity and potential antineoplastic activity. (NCI04) ( NCI )] (UMLS (NCI) C0601886) =Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein ;;
[The first, permanent, six-year molar of the lower right arch as defined by the Universal tooth numbering system. ( NCI )] (UMLS (HL7) C0227073) tooth 30 =Body Part, Organ, or Organ Component =Permanent dentition;;
[trihydroxyisoflavone; phytoestrogen found in soy based foods; may have cancer chemoprotective activity. ( CSP )] (UMLS (NCI) C0061202) =Organic Chemical; Pharmacologic Substance; Biologically Active Substance =flavone;;
[An isoflavone from Pueraria thunbergiana, which induces differentiation and apoptosis in cancer cells. (NCI) ( NCI )] (UMLS (NCI) C0769356) Tectorigenin =Organic Chemical
[An injectable 10% solution of rose bengal disodium, an iodinated fluorescein derivative, with potential antineoplastic and radiosensitizing activities. When injected into tumor tissue, PV-10 specifically targets and concentrates in tumor cells, producing cytotoxic singlet oxygen when exposed to ionizing radiation. In addition, PV-10 may stimulate an anti-tumor immune response. ( NCI )] (UMLS (NCI) C1709443) Injectable Rose Bengal 10%;;PV-10;;Rose Bengal Disodium 10%;; =Organic Chemical; Pharmacologic Substance